5-Aminotetrazole Iodine (CAS: 7553-56-2 / 12190-71-5): Properties, Applications, and Research Significance
Introduction
5-Aminotetrazole Iodine is a highly energetic, nitrogen-rich chemical compound widely utilized in laboratory research, energetic materials studies, and analytical chemistry. Due to its energetic nature, this compound is strictly handled under controlled and licensed conditions in professional laboratories.
The compound attracts research interest because of:
- High nitrogen content contributes to energy release and decomposition studies
- Precursor potential used in the synthesis of energetic materials and halogenated derivatives
- Reactivity in chemical synthesis serves as a versatile reagent in heterocyclic chemistry
While its energetic properties restrict unlicensed use, 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine is legally handled for research, analytical, and academic purposes with proper institutional authorization.
Chemical Identity and Physical Properties
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine |
| Molecular Formula | CH?IN? |
| Molecular Weight | 229.95 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 7553-56-2 (iodine form), 12190-71-5 |
| Chemical Class | Tetrazole derivative, halogenated compound |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Melting Point | ~160°C (decomposition) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and polar organic solvents |
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated; avoid friction, impact, and heat |
Key Features and Mechanism
- Energetic Properties: The high nitrogen content allows rapid gas release under decomposition, making it ideal for controlled studies of energetic compounds.
- Iodine Incorporation: Facilitates halogenation reactions and enhances chemical reactivity in organic synthesis.
- Tetrazole Backbone: Provides structural stability under controlled laboratory conditions.
These characteristics make 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine a valuable reagent for both synthetic chemistry and energetic material research.
Research and Laboratory Applications
1. Energetic Materials Research
Used to study nitrogen-rich compounds in:
- Propellants
- Pyrotechnics
- Gas-generating systems
2. Organic Synthesis
Serves as a reagent for:
- Halogenation reactions
- Multicomponent heterocyclic synthesis
- Reagent for constructing nitrogen-rich scaffolds
3. Analytical Standards
Applied in laboratories for:
- Spectroscopic calibration
- Chromatographic reference standards (HPLC, LC-MS)
- Quality control and purity verification
4. Academic Studies
Utilized in educational settings for:
- Demonstrating chemical reactivity
- Experiments involving energetic materials
- Training on safe handling of high-nitrogen compounds
Analytical Techniques
| Technique | Purpose | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| NMR (ΉH/Ή³C) | Structural characterization | Confirms tetrazole ring and amino group integrity |
| IR Spectroscopy | Functional group identification | Detects NH? and I bonding |
| X-ray Crystallography | Crystal structure analysis | Determines arrangement of iodine and tetrazole ring |
| HPLC / LC-MS | Purity and quantification | Precise measurement for research and analytical validation |
These methods ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and reliable identification in chemical research.
Safety Profile and Handling
5-Aminotetrazole Iodine is potentially explosive under heat, friction, or contamination, requiring careful laboratory practices.
| Hazard Classification (GHS) | Symbol | Precautionary Measures |
|---|---|---|
| Explosive / Energetic | ?? | Avoid shock, friction, and heat |
| Eye / Skin Irritation | ?? | Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing |
| Respiratory Hazard | ?? | Handle in a well-ventilated fume hood |
| Environmental Hazard | ?? | Dispose through licensed chemical waste channels |
Best Practices:
- Store in cool, dry, ventilated areas, away from flammable or reactive materials
- Always use PPE and work in a controlled fume hood
- Maintain proper labeling, documentation, and chain-of-custody
Regulatory Status
Due to its energetic potential, 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine is regulated and requires licensed handling.
| Region / Country | Legal Classification | Regulatory Reference |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Controlled chemical; research use only | DEA & OSHA regulations |
| European Union | Research-only chemical | REACH and CLP compliance |
| United Kingdom | Laboratory reagent; controlled | HSE & REACH regulations |
| Canada | Research chemical; licensed use | Health Canada Controlled Chemical Act |
| Australia | Schedule 5 / research chemical | TGA & chemical safety regulations |
Note: Acquisition requires institutional approval, licensing, and adherence to safety protocols.
Comparative Table: Tetrazole Derivatives
| Compound | Use | Energetic Potential | Legal Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Aminotetrazole | Precursor in energetic research | Moderate | Research use only |
| 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine | Reagent & energetic studies | High | Licensed research only |
| 1H-Tetrazole | Pharmaceutical intermediate | Low | Widely available for research |
| 5-Nitrotetrazole | High-energy applications | Very High | Strictly controlled |
This table helps differentiate application scope, energy potential, and legal compliance among tetrazole derivatives.
Synthesis Overview
- Historical Method: Thiele (1892) reacted nitrous acid with aminoguanidine to obtain 5-Aminotetrazole monohydrate.
- Structural Confirmation: Hantzsch (1901) elucidated the correct tetrazole ring structure using cyanamide and hydrazoic acid.
- Modern One-Pot Synthesis: Cyanamide reacts with hydrazine hydrochloride to produce aminoguanidine hydrochloride, followed by diazotization and cyclization to yield anhydrous 5-Aminotetrazole (~74% yield).
Detailed Specifications (Iodine Form)
| Parameter | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Assay | ?99.5% | 99.62% |
| Chloride | ?0.014% | <0.014% |
| Sulfate | ?0.03% | <0.03% |
| Non-volatile substance | ?0.05% | <0.05% |
Note: COA available upon request for laboratory verification.
Commercial and Wholesale Supply
- Factory supply of 5-Aminotetrazole Iodine (CAS 7553-56-2 / 12190-71-5)
- Purity: ?99%
- Packaging: Bulk drums or research-grade quantities
- Transport: Sea, air, or courier under controlled conditions
- Intended Use: Laboratory, industrial research, analytical standards
Research Significance
5-Aminotetrazole Iodine plays a key role in:
- Energetic material development
- Organic synthesis and halogenation reactions
- Analytical standards for chromatography and spectroscopy
- Educational laboratory demonstrations under controlled conditions
Its combination of tetrazole stability and iodine reactivity makes it invaluable for industrial, academic, and chemical research applications.
Conclusion
5-Aminotetrazole Iodine is a high-nitrogen, iodine-containing compound essential for laboratory research, synthetic chemistry, and energetic material studies. Licensed handling, strict safety protocols, and regulatory compliance are mandatory. When used responsibly, it provides a powerful tool for advancing chemical synthesis, studying energetic materials, and conducting analytical research.
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