Pentanophenone (Valerophenone): Properties, Applications, and Regulatory Overview
Introduction
Pentanophenone, also known as Valerophenone, is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid belonging to the family of aryl ketones. It features a benzene ring attached to a five-carbon chain terminated by a carbonyl group. This simple yet reactive structure gives it significant value in organic synthesis, spectroscopy calibration, and photochemical research.
Valerophenone is widely recognized for its role as a reference standard in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as a precursor compound in industrial chemical processes. It is legally traded for laboratory and analytical applications under chemical safety regulations.
1. Informational: Chemical Identity and Properties
Pentanophenone (Valerophenone) is an aromatic ketone with the molecular formula C₁₁H₁₄O. It occurs as a moderately viscous liquid with a characteristic sweet, aromatic odor. The compound is stable under normal conditions but reactive toward oxidizing agents and reducing reagents.
Chemical Properties Table
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Pentanophenone / Valerophenone |
| Chemical Formula | C₁₁H₁₄O |
| Molecular Weight | 162.23 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 1009-14-9 |
| Synonyms | 1-Phenyl-1-pentanone, Benzoylbutane |
| Appearance | Colorless to yellow liquid |
| Odor | Sweet aromatic |
| Boiling Point | 280 °C (536 °F) |
| Melting Point | −15 °C |
| Density (20 °C) | 0.99 g/cm³ |
| Refractive Index | 1.519–1.522 |
| Flash Point | 121 °C (closed cup) |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and organic solvents |
| Stability | Stable; sensitive to light and oxidation |
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from strong oxidizers |
2. Navigational: Laboratory and Industrial Uses
Analytical Chemistry
Valerophenone is commonly used as a reference standard in GC-MS and IR spectroscopy, where its defined peaks and photochemical properties serve as calibration markers. Its ketone group enables precise detection of carbonyl reactivity and aromatic substitutions in molecular studies.
Photochemical Research
The compound is a model substrate for studying photochemical hydrogen abstraction and photoreduction mechanisms. In research, it acts as a control in ultraviolet light exposure experiments to understand radical formation pathways.
Organic Synthesis
In organic synthesis, Pentanophenone functions as:
- A precursor for substituted phenones and aryl ketones.
- A building block in the preparation of fine chemicals and fragrance intermediates.
- A reactant in photoinitiator development for UV-curable resins and coatings.
Industrial Relevance
Valerophenone derivatives are integral to the development of:
- Pharmaceutical intermediates (non-controlled).
- Perfume and flavor chemicals with aromatic base notes.
- Polymer additives that improve UV resistance and stability.
3. Commercial: Legal Sourcing and Quality Standards
Grades Available
| Grade | Purity | Common Use |
|---|---|---|
| Reagent Grade (≥ 98 %) | Laboratory synthesis, spectroscopy | |
| Analytical Standard (≥ 99.5 %) | GC-MS, IR, or NMR calibration | |
| Industrial Grade (95–97 %) | Bulk chemical and polymer intermediate manufacturing |
Supply and Packaging
Pentanophenone is available through certified laboratory chemical suppliers and industrial distributors operating under ISO 9001 and REACH-compliant frameworks.
Packaging formats include:
- Glass bottles (100 mL – 1 L) for lab research.
- Metal drums or HDPE containers (up to 200 kg) for bulk supply.
Every shipment must include:
- Certificate of Analysis (CoA)
- Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
- Hazard labeling per GHS (Globally Harmonized System).
Global Trade Compliance
Valerophenone is not a controlled substance but is classified as hazardous for handling due to flammability and irritant properties. Its legal trade is limited to industrial, academic, and analytical institutions with appropriate chemical safety systems in place.
4. Transactional: Safety, Storage, and Handling
Safety Precautions
- Handle under ventilated fume hoods.
- Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to vapors.
- Prevent contact with open flames or oxidizers.
Storage
Keep in airtight containers at 15–25 °C, away from sunlight and oxidizing materials. Store in approved flammable-liquid cabinets.
Waste Disposal
Dispose of in accordance with local hazardous-waste regulations. Do not release into the environment or sewer systems.
Regulatory Overview
| Region | Regulation | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| EU (REACH) | EC 1009-14-9 | Registered; non-restricted |
| U.S. (OSHA / EPA) | 29 CFR 1910.1200 | Flammable liquid, irritant |
| Canada (DSL) | Listed | Permitted for research and industrial use |
| Australia (AICS) | Listed | Industrial chemical; approved for import/export |
5. Environmental and Toxicological Notes
Pentanophenone exhibits low to moderate toxicity and low aquatic persistence. It can be oxidized or biodegraded under standard wastewater treatment conditions.
- Acute oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~1,600 mg/kg
- Skin and Eye Contact: May cause mild irritation.
- Environmental Fate: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
Following proper industrial hygiene eliminates most occupational risks associated with handling this compound.
6. Market and Scientific Outlook
The global demand for aryl ketones like Valerophenone is increasing, driven by:
- The expansion of polymer photoinitiator technologies,
- Fragrance manufacturing, and
- Fine-chemical research.
Ongoing R&D focuses on green-chemistry routes using catalytic oxidation of toluene derivatives, reducing environmental impact while maintaining yield efficiency.
For chemical researchers, Valerophenone remains a benchmark compound for photochemical and catalytic studies, helping validate reaction mechanisms involving carbonyl intermediates.
7. Conclusion
Pentanophenone (Valerophenone) is a foundational compound in modern organic chemistry. Its simple but versatile aromatic-ketone structure supports applications ranging from spectroscopic calibration to industrial chemical synthesis.
When acquired from certified suppliers and handled under recognized chemical safety standards, Valerophenone serves as a legal, high-purity reagent essential for scientific and industrial innovation.
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Uses
- Research: Valerophenone is used in the study of photochemical processes and serves as a carbonyl reductase inhibitor.
- Pharmaceutical Intermediates: It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.
Packaging & Delivery
- Packaging: As requested by the customer.
- Delivery: Arranged immediately upon receipt of payment.
Why Buy Valerophenone Online?
- High Purity: 99.0% minimum purity ensures quality for research purposes.
- Reliable Supplier: Known for providing high-quality chemical products.
- Convenience: Available for purchase online with various payment options.
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For purchasing, ensure you buy from reputable suppliers who offer quality assurance and comply with relevant regulations. If you need assistance with the buying process or more information about the product, feel free to ask!
