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3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole: Chemical Properties, Research Applications, and Regulatory Overview
Introduction
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole is an organic compound belonging to the indole and naphthoyl chemical families. It is best known as a core scaffold used in academic and forensic research involving synthetic cannabinoids and related indole derivatives. Although structurally simple, this molecule has played a significant role in medicinal chemistry, analytical toxicology, and chemical structure–activity studies.
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
Informational: Chemical Profile and Structural Features
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₉H₁₃NO |
| Molecular Weight | 271.31 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 14798-32-4 |
| Chemical Class | Indole-based aromatic ketone |
| IUPAC Name | 1-(1H-indol-3-yl)naphthalen-1-one |
| Appearance | Off-white to pale yellow crystalline solid |
| Boiling Point | ~470 °C (estimated) |
| Melting Point | 132 – 136 °C |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and acetone; slightly soluble in water |
Molecular Structure
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole consists of an indole nucleus linked at the 3-position to a naphthoyl group. This structural motif is important because it forms the core backbone of many synthetic analogs studied for their binding affinity to cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2).
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
Navigational: Scientific and Forensic Relevance
1. Research Chemistry
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole is widely recognized in academic chemistry as a building block for structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. Chemists have used it to understand how modifications to the indole or naphthoyl ring influence receptor binding and biological stability.
2. Forensic Toxicology
This compound serves as a reference standard in analytical laboratories for the identification of synthetic cannabinoid analogs, such as JWH-018, JWH-073, and JWH-250, which share the same structural core.
Modern forensic workflows rely on 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole as part of GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and IR spectral libraries, ensuring accurate identification of related controlled substances.
3. Pharmaceutical Research
While not approved as a therapeutic substance, 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole has contributed to pharmacological modeling in cannabinoid receptor research, enabling the discovery of compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or neuroprotective properties.
Commercial: Analytical and Industrial Utility
The primary commercial relevance of 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole** lies in its role as a chemical reference material or analytical standard.
Typical Laboratory Applications
| Application | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Forensic Reference Standard | Establish calibration curves and spectra for analytical detection |
| Chemical Education | Demonstrates indole-based aromatic chemistry |
| Material Science | Used in studies of aromatic electron delocalization |
| Quality Control | Benchmark compound in analytical testing of seized materials |
Commercial suppliers provide 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole to licensed laboratories in milligram-to-gram quantities strictly for research and testing, under national and international chemical safety frameworks.
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
Safety and Handling
Like many aromatic ketones, 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole requires careful laboratory handling.
Safety Overview
| Hazard Classification (GHS) | Information |
|---|---|
| Signal Word | Warning |
| Hazard Statements | H315: Causes skin irritationH319: Causes serious eye irritationH335: May cause respiratory irritation |
| Precautions | Use gloves, protective eyewear, and lab coat; handle in fume hood |
| Storage | Store tightly sealed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from light |
| Disposal | Dispose of via authorized hazardous waste facility in compliance with local environmental rules |
Researchers must always refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed chemical-specific guidelines before use.
Transactional: Regulatory and Compliance Considerations
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole itself is not a scheduled drug under many jurisdictions; however, many of its structural derivatives (e.g., JWH compounds) are listed under controlled substance laws in the United States, European Union, Canada, and Australia.
Regulatory Overview
| Region | Legal Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| United States (DEA) | Not individually scheduled; analogs may fall under the Federal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption | |
| European Union | Monitored under EMCDDA synthetic cannabinoid controls | |
| United Kingdom | Covered by the Psychoactive Substances Act (2016) if intended for psychoactive use | |
| Canada | Not explicitly listed; analogs regulated under Schedule II Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | |
| Australia | Prohibited analogs under Poisons Standard (Schedule 9) |
Legal Use Context
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole can be legally acquired by accredited research institutions, chemical reference labs, and forensic departments, provided it is:
- Used solely for analytical or scientific purposes.
- Accompanied by compliance documentation and end-user declaration.
- Stored and handled under laboratory chemical safety regulations.
Unauthorized possession or use for psychoactive purposes is strictly prohibited and can lead to legal enforcement under analog laws.
Analytical Detection Methods
In forensic chemistry, identifying 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole and related compounds involves advanced analytical tools such as:
- Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
- Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
- Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Reference spectral data from certified standards help distinguish this compound from other naphthoyl-indoles and substituted analogs in seized materials or toxicology screens.
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
Environmental and Disposal Considerations
When handled responsibly, 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole poses minimal environmental impact. Laboratory waste should be collected separately and processed through approved hazardous-waste channels.
Avoid release into drains or natural water sources.
Comparison Table: 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole and Related Compounds
| Compound | Core Structure | Primary Use | Legal Status (Generalized) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole | Indole-naphthoyl core | Research reference material | Generally unrestricted, regulated under analog laws |
| JWH-018 | Naphthoylindole with pentyl chain | Former synthetic cannabinoid | Controlled substance (Schedule I US) |
| JWH-073 | Naphthoylindole with butyl chain | Cannabinoid analog | Controlled |
| AM-2201 | Fluorinated naphthoylindole | Research reference | Controlled in most regions |
Conclusion
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole stands as a pivotal molecule in modern forensic and chemical research, offering deep insight into indole-based receptor chemistry. While it itself is not a controlled drug, its structure is foundational to many substances that are.
For laboratories and universities, maintaining ethical and regulatory compliance ensures that this compound remains a valuable and lawful analytical standard. Proper documentation, chemical hygiene, and transparent research protocols are essential to uphold both scientific integrity and legal safety.
Keywords
3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
JWH-018 Overview
Buy factory 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole/ CAS 109555-87-5 / wholesale supply JWH-018, also known as 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a full agonist at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It has effects similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of cannabis. JWH-018 is used in synthetic cannabis products, sometimes marketed as “incense blends” or legal highs.
Properties and Uses
- Effects: Produces effects comparable to THC, such as euphoria, altered perception, and relaxation.
- Medical Potential: As a full agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, JWH-018 may have potential therapeutic applications in pain management and as an analgesic.
- Current Status: Used primarily in synthetic cannabis products, but its legal status varies by region and can change rapidly.
Where to Buy JWH-018
- Purchase Locations: Available online from suppliers and vendors.
- Packaging: Typically available in powder form.
- Delivery: Ensure that you are aware of the shipping options and legal considerations in your area.
Important Considerations
- Legal Status: JWH-018’s legality varies by location and can be subject to rapid changes. Always check local regulations before purchasing.
- Research Use Only: Intended for laboratory research and not for human consumption.
- Safety Precautions: Handle with care, using appropriate safety gear and following all safety guidelines.
Disclaimer
This product is intended solely for research purposes and should not be used for human or animal consumption. Ensure you comply with local laws and regulations regarding the purchase and use of this chemical.
Ordering Information
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3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole • Indole naphthoyl compound • Forensic cannabinoid standard • Analytical reference material • Synthetic cannabinoid precursor • Indole chemistry research • 1-Naphthoyl derivatives • GC-MS reference standards • Chemical safety data 3-(1-Naphthoyl)indole
